TY - CHAP
T1 - Composting Processes for Disposal of Municipal and Agricultural Solid Wastes
AU - Wang, Lawrence K
AU - Wang, Mu-Hao Sung
AU - Cardenas, Raul R.
AU - Sabiani, Nor Habsah Md
AU - Yusoff, Mohd Suffian
AU - Hassan, Siti Hafizan
AU - Kamaruddin, Mohamad Anuar
AU - George, Fadugba O.
AU - Hung, Yung-Tse
N1 - Wang, L.K. et al. (2021). Composting Processes for Disposal of Municipal and Agricultural Solid Wastes. In: Wang, L.K., Wang, MH.S., Hung, YT. (eds) Solid Waste Engineering and Management. Handbook of Environmental Engineering, vol 23. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84180-5_7
PY - 2022/1/1
Y1 - 2022/1/1
N2 - Various composting processes have gained a lot of attention in recent years because of pollution concerns and the need of environmentally sound technologies for handling and disposal of municipal and agricultural solid wastes. Composting is extremely significant in terms of its economic viability, ease of operation, ability to recycle nutrients, and waste minimization. This chapter introduces (1) the composting process types: open on-site composting, aerated-turned composting, aerated static pile composting, enclosed mechanical composting, vermicomposting, thermophilic composting, and two-stage in-bin composting; (2) process control parameters: microorganisms, temperature, pH, moisture content, aeration, C:N ratio, and particle size; (3) operational steps: pretreatment preparation, composting-digestion, curing, finishing, and storage; (4) process control; (5) pathogen survival; (6) cost considerations; (7) compost stability and maturity; (8) marketing of compost; (9) compost utilization; and (10) process design considerations and design criteria. Finally, several successful composting schemes, practices, and legal requirements currently in use around the world are also highlighted. A complete two-stage in-bin composting process system is designed and illustrated for handling and disposal of dead animals, poultry, and fish generated from agricultural facilities.
AB - Various composting processes have gained a lot of attention in recent years because of pollution concerns and the need of environmentally sound technologies for handling and disposal of municipal and agricultural solid wastes. Composting is extremely significant in terms of its economic viability, ease of operation, ability to recycle nutrients, and waste minimization. This chapter introduces (1) the composting process types: open on-site composting, aerated-turned composting, aerated static pile composting, enclosed mechanical composting, vermicomposting, thermophilic composting, and two-stage in-bin composting; (2) process control parameters: microorganisms, temperature, pH, moisture content, aeration, C:N ratio, and particle size; (3) operational steps: pretreatment preparation, composting-digestion, curing, finishing, and storage; (4) process control; (5) pathogen survival; (6) cost considerations; (7) compost stability and maturity; (8) marketing of compost; (9) compost utilization; and (10) process design considerations and design criteria. Finally, several successful composting schemes, practices, and legal requirements currently in use around the world are also highlighted. A complete two-stage in-bin composting process system is designed and illustrated for handling and disposal of dead animals, poultry, and fish generated from agricultural facilities.
KW - Composting
KW - Compost
KW - Solid waste
KW - Decomposition
KW - Stability
KW - Maturity
KW - Compost utilization
KW - Municipal solid waste
KW - Biosolids
KW - Dead animal
KW - Poultry
KW - Fish
KW - Case studies
KW - Agricultural solid waste
UR - https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/encee_facpub/467
UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-84180-5_7#chapter-info
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-84180-5_7
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-84180-5_7
M3 - Chapter
BT - Handbook of Environmental Engineering: Solid Waste Engineering and Management: Volume 1
ER -