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Waste Treatment and Management in Chlor-Alkali Industries

Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Miskiah Fadzilah Ghazali, Mohd Suffian Yusoff, Yung Tse Hung

    Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapter

    Abstract

    © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. The chlor-alkali industry produces chlorine (Cl2) and caustic soda from brines, by electrolysis of a salt solution. The world’s chlorine capacity at the beginning of 1988 was approximately 42.3 million metric tons per year and the corresponding caustic capacity was approximately 46.1 million metric tons per year. Three main technologies applied for chlor-alkali production are mercury cell, diaphragm cell, and membrane cell process. Each process has a different method for producing chlorine at the anode, and producing caustic soda and hydrogen, directly or indirectly, at the cathode. This chapter describes the manufacturing processes, energy requirement, waste characterization, environmental impacts, pollution prevention and abatement, treatment technologies, costs, monitoring, global overview, and standard requirement of air emission and effluents discharge of the chlor-alkali industry.

    Original languageAmerican English
    Title of host publicationHandbook of Advanced Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Management
    DOIs
    StatePublished - Jan 1 2017

    Disciplines

    • Civil and Environmental Engineering

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